The Importance of the Issue of Debt in Islam

Debt is a great thing. Islam obliges us to quickly repay debts.

Debts are so great that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not perform janaza prayer for the one who had a debt!

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, said:
“The best of you is the one who best repays debts”
Sahih Bukhari, 2305

От Абу Къатады сообщается, что однажды к Посланнику Аллаха, мир ему и благословение Аллаха, принесли умершего мусульманина из числа Ансаров, чтобы он совершил над ним джаназа, и Пророк, мир ему и благословение Аллаха, сказал: « Совершите молитву над вашим другом, ибо на нем долг!»   

Abu Qatada said: “The debt is on me.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, asked: “Will you pay?” He said, “Yes, I will.”

And after that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prayed over him.
Al-Nasai 1960. Sheikh al-Albani confirmed the authenticity of the hadith.

In another version of this hadith it is said that when Abu Qatada said: “The debt is on me.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, told him: “The debt is on you and from your property, and the deceased is no longer involved in it.”

After that, when the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, met Abu Qatada, he kept asking him about the debt, and once he said: “I paid it off, O Messenger of Allah.” Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Why only now, when his body became cold?”
Al-Hakim 2/58, al-Bayhakyi 6/74. Sheikh al-Albani called the isnad of the hadith good.

Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said: “When the deceased was brought to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, he asked:“ Is there a duty on him? ” And if they answered him that he had no duty, then he performed a prayer over him, but if he had a duty, he told his companions to pray, and not do it himself ”.
See Zadul-ma’ad 1/583.

If you took on debts with the intention of repaying them, then you should think of Allah well and be sure that He will help you return them, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) told about this: Allah will give (debts) for the one who takes property from people, intending to return it
“al-Bukhari №2387.

From Abu Waail (may Allah be pleased with him) it is reported that once a man came to ‘Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), who made an agreement with his master on self-redemption, and said: “O Lord of the faithful! Truly, I cannot fulfill the terms of my contract, help me! ” ‘Ali said to him: “Shouldn’t I teach you the words that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) taught me? Even if you have a debt like Mount Sir, Allah will pay it back for you! Say: “O Allah, deliver me from what is forbidden by You through what is permitted by You, and by Your mercy, deliver me from the need for anyone else but You!” ”
At-Tirmidhi 3563. Him. “Saheeh al-Jami ‘” # 2625.

أَللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِحَلاَلِكَ عَنْ حَرَامِكَ ، وَأَغْنِنِي بِفَضْلِكَ عَمَّنْ سِوَاكَ

Allahumma-kfini bihal yalika ‘ an haramika, wa agnini bifadlika’ amman sihuak.